Borneo Island - Indonesia

Borneo Island - Indonesia | THE AMAZING ISLAND | The island of Borneo (Kalimantan) is the world's third largest island after Greenland and New Guinea Island. Overall width of Borneo Island is 736,000 KM 2. Borneo island there are also tracks the mountains in the northeast with the highest mountain is Mount Kinabalu with peaks as high as 4175 AD The island is wet tropical with an average temperature of 24-25 degrees centigrade and crossed by the equator. It is known that foreign nations have been in contact with the residents on the island of Borneo since around the 1st century AD.

Borneo Island - Indonesia

Based on historical relics artifacts that had been found, that the oldest artifacts found on the island of Borneo are artifacts of the Kutai Kingdom is from the 4th century AD the wing Hindus, is located on the east coast of the island. Even based on the findings of this historical artifact, that artifact Kutai Kingdom is the oldest artifacts found in this archipelago. In the 8th century AD the kingdom of Srivijaya had an effect along the west coast of Borneo island and in the 14th century AD the kingdom of Majapahit influence almost all over this island. At the beginning of the 16th century AD the people of Europe began to arrive on the island of Borneo.

Based on the euro notes mentioned that the first Europeans who came to the island of Borneo was an Italian named Ludovico de Verthana ie in 1507 AD which was then followed by the Portuguese who named Laurenco de Gomez in the year 1518 AD continued to be followed by the Spaniards who named Ferdinand Magellen in 1519 that is on the way round the world, then followed by the Netherlands, Britain and France. Of the Europeans and the name of Borneo is known since the 15th century AD The name was derived from the name Borneo borneol tree {Latin: Dryobalanops camphora) containing (C10H17.OH) terpetin, materials to be used for antiseptic or perfumed oil and camphor, camphor wood which usually grow in Borneo, later by traders from Europe called the island of Borneo, or borneol-producing islands, from the title of Europe's people of the name of the Kingdom of Brunei, because at that time the kingdom of Brunei is the kingdom of the most dominant / largest on the island so that every stranger who came on this island, will visit the Kingdom of Brunei, so then Brunei's name became an icon for this island which then dipelatkan by the tongue of Europe into Borneo which then continued to be used up to the Dutch colonial occupation of "the island of Borneo".

On July 7, 1607 Dutch expedition led Koopman Michaelszoon Gillis arrived in Banjarmasin, but the entire crew was killed in retaliation for the seizure of the population by the VOC to the two junks anchored at Bantam Banjar tanun 1595. In 1612 at the Sultan Mustain Billah, the Dutch came to Banjarmasin to punish the Sultanate Banjarmasin 1607 and fired over the incident destroyed the Old Banjar (village palace) in Kuin, so the kingdom's capital was moved from Banjarmasin to Banjar Martapura.

Based on the documents that the first written agreement between the people of Europe with the population on the island of Borneo in 1609 AD to do the trade agreement between the Dutch trading company VOC with the King of Queen Sambas Panembahan Sapudak although later that the trade relations between the two sides did not develop. The agreement that both VOCs agreement with the Kingdom on the island of Borneo is the Sultanate signed in Banjarmasin 4 September 1635 at the Sultan Inayatullah. The contents of the contract, among other things, that in addition to the purchase of pepper and about the customs, VOCs will also help the sultanate Banjar to face attacks from outside. VOC activity was further developed in the east than the west island of Borneo which is due east of the island of Borneo border to the center of the world pepper the Maluku Islands.

Borneo Island - Indonesia

At the time of arrival of these European people who started at the beginning of the 16th century AD until the later period of their colonialism until the 20th century AD, the kingdom-the kingdom that is prominent on the island of Borneo in addition to the Sultanate of Brunei Sultanate Banjarmasin, Sukadana Sultanate, Sultanate Sambas and Pontianak Sultanate. In connection with the attack of Napoleon to the Netherlands on the 3rd part of the 18th century AD and then make the whole power of the VOC in this archipelago, including in Borneo on the pull back to the Netherlands and the Dutch position in the archipelago was later replaced by the British. When finished the war with Napoleon, the Netherlands and then occupy its position in this archipelago including the island of Borneo, but this time the Dutch activities are no longer in the name of the VOC, but directly by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands with the name of the Dutch East Indies. In 1819 the Sultan of Pontianak to M-3 (Usman Sharif Sultan Al Qadri) was appointed to lead the Dutch East Indies government Afdeling Pontianak.

Until the year 1839 AD, the influence of power on the island of Borneo is divided into 3 regions namely Next to the southwestern power controlled by the Sultanate of Brunei, northeast controlled by the Sultanate of Sulu and next to the central and southern Dutch East Indies government in control of most of the territory acquired from the Sultan Banjar, Tamjidullah I on October 20, 1756 Agreement. Most of the territory of the Sultanate of Brunei and the Sultanate of Sulu then annexed by James Brooke who became King in Sarawak. Government Activities in the Dutch East Indies island of Borneo is far more aggressive than the VOC ago because it was hard to compete with the Dutch in the capture of British influence in the island of Borneo is especially after the appointment of James Brooke (an Englishman) who became King White in Sarawak in 1841.

To anticipate the expansion of the influence of James Brooke to its territory, then the Dutch East Indies government in 1846 AD and then began traveling the Netherlands Indies Government Expedition Team which borders along the entire edge of the territory held by James Brooke. The first expedition team led by Second Lieutenant D. van Kessel who explored the west and then followed by the expedition team led by Dr. CM. Schwaner who explored the east. At first the central and southern Dutch-controlled island of Borneo is shared by the Government of the Netherlands East Indies in 3 Afdeling ie Afdeling South and East Coast, Afdeling Afdeling Sambas and Pontianak.

Then combine the Netherlands Indies Government Afdeling Afdeling Sambas and Pontianak be named Borneo as a whole Westkust divide its territory is divided into two administrative regions of Borneo Westkust (west Borneo) and Zuid Oostkust Borneo (Borneo next to the central and eastern) this name later changed to Borneo Westerafdeling and ZuidOostterafdeling Borneo. To unite the Borneo region, then in 1894, on the initiative of Damang Stone, from a village in Central Kalimantan tumbles Anoi gather all the people who have a degree tamanggung, Damang, Damboeng, Dohong .. se-borneo, Anoi tumbles in the agreement which was also attended by Afdeling Pontiac, who was still a replacement officer who was imported from Bogor.

Until now heritage sites in tumbles Anoi agreement remains. But for engineering the Dutch government, at that place in the form of Agreement tumbles Anoi betang, destroyed by the Dutch army to deal in tumbles Anoi considered absent. building materials was transferred in part to Kuala Kapuas, but can not transport all the material because it is made from ironwood trunks deeply imbedded soil, a large, heavy and long field through a long river to transport it. At the end of Dutch colonialism on the island of Borneo there are two areas namely Residentie Residentie Residentie Pontianak and Banjarmasin.